Gartner Glossary

... Decision intelligence is a practical domain framing a wide range of decision-making techniques bringing multiple traditional and advanced disciplines together to design, model, align, execute, monitor and tune decision models and processes. Those disciplines include decision management (including advanced ...

... Artificial intelligence (AI) applies advanced analysis and logic-based techniques, including machine learning, to interpret events, support and automate decisions, and take actions   Download the framework. ...

... Augmented intelligence is a design pattern for a human-centered partnership model of people and artificial intelligence (AI) working together to enhance cognitive performance, including learning, decision making and new experiences. Want to learn more? Read: A Step-by-Step Guide to Enterprise Technology ...

... Continuous intelligence is a design pattern in which real-time analytics are integrated into business operations, processing current and historical data to prescribe actions in response to business moments and other events. ...

... Gartner Glossary Competitive intelligence (CI) is the analysis of an enterprise’s marketplace to understand what is happening, what will happen and what it means to the enterprise. CI business goals may be offensive — positioning the company in the marketplace, plotting a course for future positioning ...

... Gartner Glossary Network intelligence (NI) is an enabling technology that allows communications service providers (CSPs) to capture subscriber-, service- and application-level awareness contained in network traffic. This information is analyzed and exposed for integration with other applications in ...

... Business intelligence (BI) services are offerings to design, develop and deploy enterprise processes and to integrate, support and manage the related technology applications and platforms. These include business and infrastructure applications for BI platforms, analytics needs and data warehousing infrastructure ...

... Gartner Glossary Self-service business intelligence is defined here as end users designing and deploying their own reports and analyses within an approved and supported architecture and tools portfolio. ...

... Analytics and business intelligence (ABI) is an umbrella term that includes the applications, infrastructure and tools, and best practices that enable access to and analysis of information to improve and optimize decisions and performance. Want to learn more? Read: A Step-by-Step Guide to Enterprise ...

... Gartner Glossary The creation and management of information sources, reporting processes and automated tools that enable IT executives to implement profitable IT strategies. ...

... Gartner Glossary Enterprise security intelligence (ESI) is a concept that recognizes security intelligence as an explicit deliverable, and designates it as a strategic security objective for the enterprise’s IT security and risk management. ESI aims at increased accuracy and breadth of security detection ...

... Business intelligence (BI) platforms enable enterprises to build BI applications by providing capabilities in three categories: analysis, such as online analytical processing (OLAP); information delivery, such as reports and dashboards; and platform integration, such as BI metadata management and a development ...

... The process of gathering data about identity and access, and converting it to information and knowledge for action-oriented insight and intelligent decision making in IT and business. ...

... Gartner Glossary A business intelligence competency center (BICC) develops the overall strategic plan and priorities for BI. It also defines requirements, such as data quality and governance and fulfills the role of promoting the use of BI. ...

... AIOps combines big data and machine learning to automate IT operations processes, including event correlation, anomaly detection and causality determination. Explore the latest trends in AI and how they can add value to your business with the Top Strategic Technology Trends for 2022 eBook. Gartner We ...

... schematics. Want to learn more? Read: Beyond ChatGPT: The Future of Generative AI for Enterprises Read: Everything You Need to Know About Artificial Intelligence Download: Gartner Emerging Tech Impact Radar 2023 Learn: How Gartner Supports CIOs and IT Leaders Master your role, transform your business and ...

... Gartner Glossary Natural-language processing (NLP) technology involves the ability to turn text or audio speech into encoded, structured information, based on an appropriate ontology. The structured data may be used simply to classify a document, as in “this report describes a laparoscopic cholecyste ...

... humans. Want to learn more? Read: Beyond ChatGPT: The Future of Generative AI for Enterprises Read: Everything You Need to Know About Artificial Intelligence Download: Gartner Emerging Tech Impact Radar 2023 Learn: How Gartner Supports CIOs and IT Leaders Master your role, transform your business and ...

... Augmented analytics is the use of enabling technologies such as machine learning and AI to assist with data preparation, insight generation and insight explanation to augment how people explore and analyze data in analytics and BI platforms. It also augments the expert and citizen data scientists by ...

... The field of human augmentation (sometimes referred to as “Human 2.0”) focuses on creating cognitive and physical improvements as an integral part of the human body. An example is using active control systems to create limb prosthetics with characteristics that can exceed the highest natural human p ...

... Adaptive AI systems support a decision-making framework centered around making faster decisions while remaining flexible to adjust as issues arise. These systems aim to continuously learn based on new data at runtime to adapt more quickly to changes in real-world circumstances. The AI engineering framework ...

... model operationalization) is focused primarily on the governance and life cycle management of a wide range of operationalized artificial intelligence (AI) and decision models, including machine learning, knowledge graphs, rules, optimization, linguistic and agent-based models. Core capabilities include ...

... because the computation is triggered by the receipt of event data. CEP is used for highly demanding, continuous-intelligence applications that enhance situation awareness and support real-time decisions. ...

... Gartner Glossary Advanced machine learning algorithms are composed of many technologies (such as deep learning, neural networks and natural language processing), used in unsupervised and supervised learning, that operate guided by lessons from existing information. ...

... Self-Service Analytics is a form of business intelligence (BI) in which line-of-business professionals are enabled and encouraged to perform queries and generate reports on their own, with nominal IT support. Self-service analytics is often characterized by simple-to-use BI tools with basic analytic ...

... Real-time analytics is the discipline that applies logic and mathematics to data to provide insights for making better decisions quickly. For some use cases, real time simply means the analytics is completed within a few seconds or minutes after the arrival of new data. On-demand real-time analytics ...

... Predictive analytics describes any approach to data mining with four attributes: 1. An emphasis on prediction (rather than description, classification or clustering) 2. Rapid analysis measured in hours or days (rather than the stereotypical months of traditional data mining) 3. An emphasis on the ...

... risk with BuySmart™, which allows you to systematically discover, evaluate and select technology vendors — all in service of better, data-driven decisions. Want to learn more? Read: A Step-by-Step Guide to Enterprise Technology Buying Read: How to Evaluate Technology Vendors Properly Discover Gartner ...

... Business analytics is comprised of solutions used to build analysis models and simulations to create scenarios, understand realities and predict future states. Business analytics includes data mining, predictive analytics, applied analytics and statistics, and is delivered as an application suitable ...

... Gartner Glossary Social analytics is monitoring, analyzing, measuring and interpreting digital interactions and relationships of people, topics, ideas and content. Interactions occur in workplace and external-facing communities. Social analytics include sentiment analysis, natural-language processing ...

... existing within and outside the formal enterprise. There are many related (but not identical) concepts, including collective intelligence, “wikinomics,” collaborative decision making, network-centric strategy, wisdom of crowds, social media, open innovation and crowdsourcing. Collectives influences innovation ...

... and IT processes as possible. Hyperautomation involves the orchestrated use of multiple technologies, tools or platforms, including: artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, event-driven software architecture, robotic process automation (RPA), business process management (BPM) and intelligent ...

... Embedded analytics is a digital workplace capability where data analysis occurs within a user's natural workflow, without the need to toggle to another application. Moreover, embedded analytics tends to be narrowly deployed around specific processes such as marketing campaign optimization, sales lea ...

... Algorithmic business is the industrialized use of complex mathematical algorithms pivotal to driving improved business decisions or process automation for competitive differentiation. Experience Gartner conferences Master your role, transform your business and tap into an unsurpassed peer network through ...

... is a type of home system controller capable of managing smart home devices across multiple networks. The device may use local intelligence, a connected PC or cloud intelligence to manage connected devices in the home. ...

... Call detail records (CDRs) capture information on calls made on telephone systems, including who made the call (name and number), who was called (name if available, and number), the date and time the call was made, the duration of the call, and typically dozens of usage and diagnostic information el ...

... expanded to include software and business processes when these can be demonstrated to be original, novel and non-obvious. Customer intelligence and business intelligence may be considered intellectual “property” by its owner, depending on its value to enterprise competitiveness and its integration into ...

... Gartner Glossary A subset of business intelligence with a specific emphasis on financial process, including, but not limited to, budgeting, forecasting, expense allocation and cost/revenue analysis. ...

... monitoring software comprising digital experience monitoring (DEM), application discovery, tracing and diagnostics, and purpose-built artificial intelligence for IT operations. ...

... begun to support a wider range of sales intelligence advice — such as best-next-action recommendations and customer churn warnings. Some vendors focus on the back-office price management and product management roles; others focus on providing sales intelligence in real-time to the sales representative ...

... Gartner Glossary Gartner defines “claims analytics” as the use of business intelligence (BI), reporting solutions, dashboards, data mining and predictive modeling technologies to manage and analyze claims data, which can result in improved performance. Overall, three processes are supported in claims ...

... Gartner Glossary Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an artificial-intelligence problem-solving technique that catalogs experience into “cases” and correlates the current problem to an experience. CBR is used in many areas, including pattern recognition, diagnosis, troubleshooting and planning. These systems ...

... networks are emerging networking architectures that separate the control plane from the data plane in networking equipment. This is so that network intelligence and state are logically centralized, and the underlying network infrastructure is abstracted from applications. Gartner Webinars Expert insights ...

... data or content, usually manually performed, to answer the question “What happened?” (or What is happening?), characterized by traditional business intelligence (BI) and visualizations such as pie charts, bar charts, line graphs, tables, or generated narratives. Gartner Webinars Expert insights and strategies ...

... Gartner Glossary Analytic applications are packaged business intelligence (BI) capabilities for a particular domain or business problem. Flexible, traditional BI tools often lack the “packaging” required to facilitate adoption among most employees. Examples of packaging include a user interface suitable ...

... the ability to view multiple data repositories or even real-time data streams within a consistent geospatial context. Vendors may embed business intelligence (BI) functionality and in-memory online analytical processing (OLAP) in more comprehensive product offerings. ...

... autonomous or semi-autonomous examination of data or content using sophisticated techniques and tools, typically beyond those of traditional business intelligence (BI), to discover deeper insights, make predictions, or generate recommendations. Advanced analytic techniques include those such as data/text mining ...

... Metadata is information that describes various facets of an information asset to improve its usability throughout its life cycle. It is metadata that turns information into an asset. Generally speaking, the more valuable the information asset, the more critical it is to manage the metadata about it, ...

... promises to deliver significant value, or that has some technical maturity but still has relatively few users. Among current examples: artificial intelligence, agents, speech and handwriting recognition, virtual reality and 3D visualization, smart cards, real-time collaboration, enhanced user authentication ...

... as: sourcing, ordering and provisioning, inventory management, invoice and contract management, use management, dispute management, and business intelligence. ...

... will affect the cost and benefit of a future IT investment. If it has no option to change the decision, the IT organization must abide by the original decision. However, by creating an option for a decision in the future, the IT organization can choose to pursue IT investments that are then deemed profitable ...

... Gartner Glossary Context-aware security is the use of supplemental information to improve security decisions at the time they are made, resulting in more accurate security decisions capable of supporting dynamic business and IT environments. The most commonly cited context information types are environmental ...

... OP. Stages 1 to 3 are typically supported by various solutions, including ERP solutions, SCP solutions, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and business intelligence (BI) reports. Stages 4 and 5 are typically supported by SOD solutions that emphasize the characteristics of more advanced S&OP processes. ...

... assets that demand cost-effective, innovative forms of information processing that enable enhanced insight, decision making, and process automation.    Define key data & analytics decisions contributing to business growth. Gartner Webinars Expert insights and strategies to address your priorities ...

... makes these analyses and opinions visible to all decision makers. PPM includes dashboards with executive views of decision variables, such as risk, opportunity, resource allocation, investments, product-revenue performance and customer acceptance. For decision-making teams, this visibility makes the selection ...

... successfully leveraged in specialized fields for many years—for example, in academia, science and engineering, financial calculation engines, artificial intelligence and development tools. Gartner Webinars Expert insights and strategies to address your priorities and solve your most pressing challenges. ...

... attributes: (1) a proprietary data structure to store and model data gathered from disparate sources, which minimizes reliance on predefined business intelligence (BI) metadata; (2) a built-in performance layer using RAM or indexing that lessens the need for aggregates, summaries and pre-calculations; and ...

... Gartner Glossary Telecom analytics encompass sophisticated business intelligence (BI) technologies that are packaged to satisfy the complex requirements of telecom organizations. These include increasing sales, reducing churn and fraud, improving risk management and decreasing operational costs. Analytics ...

... independently or comes embedded in a business process management suite (BPMS). A BRE enables IT and/or business staff to define rules using decision trees, decision tables, pseudonatural language, programming-like code or other representation techniques. ...

... include basic technology functions such as workflow and process management. Many now also offer additional functional capabilities such as business intelligence (BI) and analytics tools; document management solutions; customer, agent and supplier portals; and integration mechanisms such as web services. ...

... Glossary The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a process that uses hierarchical decomposition to deal with complex information in multicriterion decision making, such as information technology vendor and product evaluation. It consists of three steps: Developing the hierarchy of attributes germane ...

... Product analytics is a specialized application of business intelligence (BI) and analytical software that consumes service reports, product returns, warranties, customer feedback and data from embedded sensors to help manufacturers evaluate product defects, identify opportunities for product improvements ...

... Gartner Glossary Neurobusiness is the capability of applying neuroscience insights to improve outcomes in customer and other business decision situations. ...

... Analytics has emerged as a catch-all term for a variety of different business intelligence (BI)- and application-related initiatives. For some, it is the process of analyzing information from a particular domain, such as website analytics. For others, it is applying the breadth of BI capabilities to ...

... warehouse are: Production data sources Data extraction and conversion Data warehouse database management system Data warehouse administration Business intelligence (BI) tools A data warehouse contains data arranged into abstracted subject areas with time-variant versions of the same records, with an appropriate ...

... An operational data store (ODS) is an alternative to having operational decision support system (DSS) applications access data directly from the database that supports transaction processing (TP). While both require a significant amount of planning, the ODS tends to focus on the operational requirements ...

... history in application development of following a design process of planning, prototyping, testing and development, resulting in justifiable design decisions. SITE is a Gartner concept that seeks to build on this long-established IS department practice by creating a structured framework within which both ...

... Gartner Glossary The process of adhering to policies and decisions. Policies can be derived from internal directives, procedures and requirements, or from external laws, regulations, standards and agreements. ...

... technology asset lifecycle costs and risks to maximize the business value of technology strategy, architecture, funding, contractual and sourcing decisions. ...

... Gartner Glossary Analysis that calculates the profitability of products, customers and routes to market, and provides a fact-based focus for decision making on service mix and operational changes for each customer. ...

... Gartner Glossary A process for making software acquisition and disposal decisions. It includes strategies that identify and eliminate unused or infrequently used software, consolidating software licenses or moving toward new licensing models. ...

... guides application design. Application architecture paradigms, such as service-oriented architecture (SOA), provide principles that influence design decisions and patterns that provide proven design solutions. ...

... Data governance is the specification of decision rights and an accountability framework to ensure the appropriate behavior in the valuation, creation, consumption and control of data and analytics. Learn how your peers are executing effective data governance initiatives. ...

... Gartner Glossary One of the five activities of the knowledge management process framework. Knowledge use is the application of knowledge to business decisions or opportunities. Use is also recursive, and continually generates feedback that affects and is integrated into the other knowledge activities. ...

... services (such as comparison of features) to enable buyers within a particular industry, geographic region or affinity group to make informed purchasing decisions. ...

... for all uses (operational and analytical) and the analysis of data to drive business processes and improve business outcomes through more effective decision making and enhanced customer experiences.   Download 100 Data and Analytics Predictions Through 2025. ...

... for identifying, understanding and correcting flaws in data that support effective information governance across operational business processes and decision making. The packaged tools available include a range of critical functions, such as profiling, parsing, standardization, cleansing, matching, enrichment ...

... by which clinicians in hospital and ambulatory settings directly enter outpatient prescriptions using computer applications that provide clinical decision support and can deliver the prescriptions electronically in structured form to dispensing organizations (HDO pharmacies, drugstores and mail-order ...

... inspection firewalls that move beyond port/protocol inspection and blocking to add application-level inspection, intrusion prevention, and bringing intelligence from outside the firewall. An NGFW should not be confused with a stand-alone network intrusion prevention system (IPS), which includes a commodity ...

... mechanism that aggregates and displays metrics and key indicators so they can be examined at a glance by all possible audiences. Dashboards help improve decision making by revealing and communicating contextual insights into metrics to display indicators with intuitive visualization, including charts, scales ...

... Gartner defines information governance as the specification of decision rights and an accountability framework to ensure appropriate behavior in the valuation, creation, storage, use, archiving and deletion of information. It includes the processes, roles and policies, standards and metrics that ensure ...

... complaint, or a claim that is moving to litigation. These solutions support the workflow, management collaboration, storage of images and content, decisioning, and processing of electronic files or cases. Some come with insurance workflow/process templates to help implementation. ...

... at supporting participants and stakeholders of the EA discipline in their strategically driven planning through to execution. Support for strategic decision making is provided through capturing vital enterprise context background, along with content development and analysis capabilities across the business ...

... Gartner Glossary A methodology for developing an integrated information system based on the sharing of common data, with emphasis on decision support needs as well as transaction-processing (TP) requirements. It assumes logical data representations are relatively stable, as opposed to the frequently ...

... facts of an enterprise are made available in a timely, and preferably reusable, manner. Material facts encompass reliable information critical to the decision making of both internal and external stakeholders. The object of transparency is the enterprise (not an individual). Reusability allows consumers ...

... interface that uses an app, messaging platform, social network or chat solution for its conversations. Chatbots vary in sophistication, from simple, decision-tree-based marketing stunts, to implementations built on feature-rich platforms. They are always narrow in scope. A chatbot can be text- or voice- ...

... Integrated risk management (IRM) is a set of practices and processes supported by a risk-aware culture and enabling technologies, that improves decision making and performance through an integrated view of how well an organization manages its unique set of risks. Under the Gartner definition, IRM has ...

... telephony and data, cloud license tracking and emerging IoT connectivity). In addition, they provide tools required for C-level technology strategic decision making. Gartner’s TEM coverage focuses on SaaS-based applications/platforms, managed services and associated professional services. ...

... understanding where and why costs are incurred within an enterprise. It provides the information for activity-based management, which focuses on the decisions and actions needed to reduce costs and increase revenue. ABC differs from traditional cost accounting in explicitly recognizing that not all cost ...

... obtain quantifiable economic benefit. Internal or indirect methods include using data to make measurable business performance improvements and inform decisions. External or direct methods include data sharing to gain beneficial terms or conditions from business partners, information bartering, selling data ...

... a team. For example, collaboration and teamwork are required for working with business stakeholders to understand business issues. Analytical and decision modeling skills are required for discovering relationships within data and detecting patterns. Data management skills are required to build the relevant ...

... initiatives to execute them — to create deeper interactions with customers, more customized and personalized offerings and interactions, data-driven decision making, and customer experience models that are more nimble and reactive to changes in customers’ needs, wants and interests. Visit Gartner for Marketing ...

... and services through the collection, analysis and reporting of relevant data. Security metrics are based on security objectives that help inform decisions on how to improve the security of all components involved in delivering services and processing data. Master your role, transform your business and ...

... Class 4 and Class 5 switch. In a mobile network, a softswitch is also called a mobile switching center (MSC). At minimum, a softswitch provides: • Intelligence that controls connection services for a media gateway or native IP endpoint. • The ability to select processes that can be applied to a call. • ...

... example, if I have $1 to invest, I can get an X return from advertising and a Y return from a consumer promotion. This helps marketers make informed decisions on where to invest based on their measures of success. ...

... accomplished by transforming and improving ways in which people, process and technology operate to deliver the critical information needed to impact decision quality, efficiency, cost and agility. Experience Gartner conferences Master your role, transform your business and tap into an unsurpassed peer ...

... governance is a process for overseeing the cybersecurity teams who are responsible for mitigating business risks. Security governance leaders make the decisions that allow risks to be prioritized so that security efforts are focused on business priorities rather than their own. They also govern the interplay ...

... to improve workforce engagement and collaboration. Further, growing demand for greater analytical capabilities and predictive insights to improve decision making in relation to workforce actions has improved the market’s general health. ...

... documentation automation); and the frontier category is aimed at greatly improving enterprise performance (e.g., through aggressive use of rule-based decision support) but usually entails substantial risk. The management issues for each category are, respectively, cost, opportunity identification and innovation ...

... POS) data, wholesaler data, electronic data interchange (EDI) 852 and 867, inventory movement, promotional data and customer loyalty data for use by decision support technologies (category management, account team joint value creation, shopper insight analysis, demand planning forecast improvement, inventory ...

... enterprise’s type offers company strategists a meaningful way to compare an enterprise’s use of technology against that of competitors, and to make decisions about when, how and where to adopt new technologies. ...

... industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platforms as a set of integrated software capabilities. These capabilities span efforts to improve asset management decision making, as well as operational visibility and control for plants, depots, infrastructure and equipment within asset-intensive industries. These efforts ...

... and funding of competing IT investments; oversee their implementation; and extract (measurable) business benefits. ITDG is a business investment decision-making and oversight process, and it is a business management responsibility. IT supply-side governance (ITSG—how IT should do what it does) is concerned ...

... systems (WMSs), transportation management systems (TMSs), global trade management (GTM) systems, and other execution applications, such as real-time decision support systems (for example, dynamic routing and dynamic sourcing systems) and supply chain visibility systems within the enterprise, as well as ...

... systems (WMSs), transportation management systems (TMSs), global trade management (GTM) systems, and other execution applications, such as real-time decision support systems (for example, dynamic routing and dynamic sourcing systems) and supply chain visibility systems within the enterprise, as well as ...

... often perform calculations during live transactions—for example, to evaluate the risk or opportunity of a given customer or transaction to guide a decision. If health insurers could accurately predict secular trends (for example, utilization), premiums would be set appropriately, profit targets would ...

... Energy trading and risk management (ETRM) systems involve commercial decision making and market execution using an integrated system that enables data exchanges among trade floor, operations, credit, contract and accounting functions. Integral to the process are event and trade identification/capture ...

... products, and therefore suit approaches that are lighter in weight, such as Lean Startup.   Build a better product strategy with the Gartner Product Decisions Tool. ...

... as expected, for example, by creating and running trial scenarios looking at both system and clinical functionality. A SOC should ensure that all decision support applications are based on accurate data, that they are implemented correctly and that the rule base is kept current. It should also examine ...