What is the difference between SSO and SAML?

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Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) is an authentication standard that allows for federated identity management and can support single sign-on (SSO). SSO is an authentication scheme that allows a user to log in with a single ID and password to any independent or federated software systems. In most use cases, SAML is used to provide SSO capabilities across independent systems.

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SAML a programme language, SSO a more generic term and usually involves an agent/client install and a form of “screen-scraping” after learning the login sequence, emulating an end user.

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In line with the other, earlier comments - two entirely different things, one is a programming language used to support federation, IDAM and SSO and SSO, Single SIgn On is a generic term or label for various tech solutions which allow for an organization to provide a single set of credentials to a user for access to multiple systems.

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Programming language vs ability to do single sign on for SSO

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At a 10,000 foot view these are used interchangably-- BUT they are different. SAML is a specific program language, whereas SSO is more generically used to refer to a wide set of tools that unify logins across multiple systems

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Both can be used for web SSO, however I cannot tell which one is better.

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SAML is the underlying specification/standard that covers Identity Managment, Federation, and Single-Sign-On (SSO). SSO can also be enabled via OAuth.OAuth2

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SAML is an authentication standard that allows passing of key security credential details.  SSO is an identification system/process  that allows users to access applications.

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SAML is the simplest sense is a security web programming language and SSO is is a security tool used to validate a users identity

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SSO is a subset of SAML.  SAML (Security Assertion Mark-up Language) is an umbrella standard that covers federation, identity management and single sign-on (SSO).

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One is a language platform, the other is a tool.

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SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) is technology standard and data format based on XML (eXtended) which was primarily created for the secure exchange of authentication information to ENABLE single-sign-on (SSO) systems as well as to (typically) support and implement a a web-based SSO (single sign on). It is based on the core Web architectures and Web standards (XML, HTML, XHTML as well as XML's Schema, signature, encryption and SOAP).   SAML can be used with a number of authentication protocols, identity providers (IDPs such as ADFS or Azure Active Directory)  as well as other web-based security technologies (including X.509v3 public key certificates, Shibboleth, etc) to implement both open and proprietary single-sign-on systems (SSOs) such as Apache Knox SSO (Open) and OneLogin SAML SSO (proprietary),

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To use a food analogy, SAML is the ingredients that are part of a recipe. SSO is one of the resulting entrees that you can make with that recipe.

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As others have said SAML is a technology used to implement and provide SSO.

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Process for logging in versus language

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SAML is more of standard in which exchanging authentication and authorization identities between security domains.SSO authentication process that allows a user to access multiple applications with one set of login credentials.

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SSO is a common procedure in enterprises, where a client accesses multiple resources connected to a local area network (LAN).SAML is a way to (Protocol) exchanging authentication and authorization identities between security domains

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SSO refers to tool or platform versus SAML is method to develop the framework.

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SSO is for identification purposes, so once a user is authenticated (by SAML) or another protocol and method they can access multiple SaaS apps or services without re-authenticating.  So SAML is a very common method of enabling SSO using an open standard that has been very popular and well accepted for more than a decade.

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Different, but related - SAML is a technology used to implement SSO

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SAML is a lanugage while Single Sign ON is a process automated

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SAML has more (program capable) features between the service provider and the identity provider.

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There are already some very good answers here.  One point I didn't see made is that while you cannot 'buy' SAML, you can buy a SSO solution based on the SAML standard.

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SAML  is an XML-based markup language for security assertions. Single sign-on is an authentication scheme that allows a user to log in by using LDAP databases on servers.

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SAML is a a XML-based markup language for security assertion and SSO is an authentication scheme that allows user to login using LDAP in most cases,

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SSO is an authentication scheme often accomplished by LDAP and SAML is a XML-based markup language for security assertion in the form of a token.

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programming vs ability to do SSO