What are the hurdles to making cryptocurrency part of traditional economies?
If you go back to 40 years ago, the definition of the money supply in the United States was different from what it is today. With these cryptocurrencies, the economic definition of the money supply is completely different. How does the federal government moderate inflation and the economy in a digital currency world? That is a critical issue we need to think through that we're not even talking about. But that act probably has a bigger macroeconomic implication, both positive as well as negative, if we don't understand this and don't think about how to do that appropriately. It's not like you can play with the federal exchange rate when you're in cryptocurrencies at this point. All those international banking things, like LIBOR (London inter-bank offered rate), have been around for a long time and have also evolved, but they're anchored in the world of physical currency.
That’s also interesting because one aspect of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies was to make it so that centralized banks can't manipulate currency and do this. Now we're wondering how we can make it so that we can manipulate cryptocurrencies ourselves to support the ecosystem that we have now.
You always did a level of economic warfare at times, so how do digital currencies enable more of that or potentially reduce the implications of it? A central bank in the United States, or some other large economy, doesn't have the ability to have that type of worldwide monetary impact because it's all digital.
1. Time to transact - it's not predictable, can be seconds, can be 10 minutes. so I can't use it for a point of sale. On-line it works.
2. The crypto ecosystem is not big enough to hold crypto for working capital - I have to convert it to fiat to be able to purchase most things.
3. The value is variable - see above - I need to be able to convert to fiat quickly to ensure margins
4. It's complex to manage a wallet for the average person
5. Banks could provide wallets to their customers but are choosing to stay on the sideline. Their business is money and they not touching this type of money. If they owned the wallets, they could clip every transaction, but no.
6. Governments are not fans as transactions occur outside their visibility.
7. Yet to have a killer application - all the above would be overcome if there was a large enough incentive for people to overcome the above. For example, if Apple said they would only accept crypto for new iPhones, then adoption would most likely explode.
Of these, I think transactional costs have the greatest barrier to widespread adoption.
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https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/03/09/executive-order-on-ensuring-responsible-development-of-digital-assets/