How do you assess whether a manager’s leadership style aligns with the needs of their team, and how do you support their growth if it doesn’t?

Having a deep dive conversations with both parties in isolation to understand their feelings first , later bring both parties together by sharing each others strengths and areas of action for a clear understanding 

Supporting growth is not a one day or quick activity, I shall ensure that a structured development plan is charted out for the individual and I will make time to be part of the check ins as appropriate to measure success and identify potential career movements

It helps to set out what is expected from leaders and to have that communicated for everyone to know, that gives the foundation for discussion.  You could then assess leaders agaisnt those set expectations, and have others contribute to the view so the feedback is as wide as possible, this would help them understand the gap and therefore focus their development. There are other tools that can be used such as a 360 feedback approach, or a facilitated session if there are issues to work through. Getting comfortable with asking regularly for feedback in a natural way, is also helpful to iterate on an ongoing basis. Other ways to get more granular is to spend time knowing your team, so you can cater to their individual needs and consider how you use situational judgement to support them. It really depends on the extent of the problem being created by in my experience, clarifying expectations all round is a very helpful step.